Claims Service and Expertise

What’s changed, what we’re missing, and what actually reduces risk

Why Boundary Management Is Changing

Boundary management in youth-serving organizations is no longer just about having policies in place. It is about actively monitoring how staff interactions, supervision practices, and daily operations reinforce safe boundaries in real time. Without visibility into how policies are applied, organizations face increased risk of abuse, particularly within trusted relationships.

Boundary management is no longer about having a policy. It is about whether your organization can demonstrate, observe, and adapt how boundaries are lived in real time. That shift matters because both research and field data show the same pattern:

• Abuse most often occurs within trusted relationships, not with strangers (Winters et al., 2026).
• Grooming behaviors are common, repeated, and often subtle, making detection dependent on daily supervision, not written rules (Winters et al., 2026).
• Organizations consistently overestimate how well their policies are followed in practice, creating hidden exposure (Praesidium, 2026).

If you are not actively monitoring how boundaries function in day-to-day operations, you are relying on assumptions—and that is where risk lives.

Why this matters now

1. The risk model has changed

The research is clear. What we thought we knew about abuse risk is incomplete.

• Female perpetrators may account for up to 20% of child sexual abuse offenses, yet remain under-recognized and under-reported (Winters et al., 2026).
• In many cases, perpetrators are known to the child—friends, peers, or family members—not external threats (Winters et al., 2026).
• Survivors reported experiencing an average of 17 distinct grooming behaviors prior to or during abuse (Winters et al., 2026).

At the same time, operational data shows risk is not static:

• Non-contact and digital abuse has more than doubled since 2015 (Praesidium, 2026).
• When digital abuse is included, overall prevalence increases by more than 60% (Praesidium, 2026).
• Risk is shifting into routine environments like classrooms and shared spaces rather than isolated locations (Praesidium, 2026).

Bottom line: the traditional “stranger danger + physical contact” model is outdated.

2. Where Organizations Are Most at Risk

Most organizations already have policies. That’s not the issue.

The gap is execution:

• 87% of organizations report having peer-to-peer abuse policies
• Only 69% believe those policies are consistently followed
• 91% have physical touch policies
• Only 72% believe those are lived daily (Praesidium, 2026).

This is the core exposure:

A policy that is not operationalized does not reduce risk; it creates a false sense of security (Praesidium, 2026).

Understanding Grooming Behaviors in Real-World Settings

Grooming is structured, not random. The Jeglic study confirms that grooming follows predictable patterns across five stages:

• Victim selection
• Access and isolation
• Trust development
• Desensitization
• Post-abuse control (Winters et al., 2026).

Common Grooming Warning Signs:

• Creating opportunities to be alone
• Building trust through attention and favoritism
• Engaging in childlike or relationship-building activities
• Gradually normalizing inappropriate contact
• Reinforcing secrecy and discouraging disclosure (Winters et al., 2026).

These are not one-off incidents. They are repeatable, observable behaviors.

Why Grooming Is Hard to Detect

Many high-risk behaviors occur within activities that appear routine:

• Play, coaching or mentoring interactions
• Caregiving and supervision tasks
• Informal communication or relationship-building
• Shared or transitional spaces

This is why detection is difficult. The behavior does not look obviously wrong in isolation. It becomes risky based on:

• Frequency
• Context
• Isolation
• Lack of oversight

Disclosure is low and delayed

Risk isn’t just what happens. It is what never gets reported.

• Fewer than 5% of survivors disclosed to law enforcement
• Fewer than 25% disclosed to social supports (Winters et al., 2026).

This reinforces a critical point:

• Your organization cannot rely on reporting to identify risk.
• You have to detect it earlier through behavior.

What Effective Boundary Management Looks Like Today

Based on both sources, effective organizations are doing three things differently.

1. Managing boundaries as a system

• Policy defines expectations.
• Practice determines outcomes.

Strong organizations:

• Define role-specific boundary expectations
• Reinforce them through training and supervision
• Observe and validate how they are applied

Prevention is not theoretical. It lives in:

• How staff interact
• How supervision is structured
• How concerns are handled in the moment (Praesidium, 2026).

2. Identifying Early Warning Signs

In a significant portion of cases, warning signs are present before harm occurs.

Early indicators exist in roughly one-third of cases reviewed in operational data (Praesidium, 2026).

Common early signals include:

• Boundary testing
• Preferential relationships
• Unnecessary isolation
• Increased secrecy
• Normalization of physical or emotional closeness

If your system only responds to confirmed incidents, it is already late.

3. Adapting to Shifting Risk Environments

When control improves in one area, risk shifts elsewhere.

Examples:

• Decreases in locker room and bathroom incidents
• Increases in classrooms and shared spaces
• Growth in digital communication risks (Praesidium, 2026).

This is not failure. It is adaptive behavior.

Effective organizations:

• Continuously update supervision models
• Adjust controls based on trend data
• Expand focus beyond historical “high-risk” environments

Practical Steps to Strengthen Boundary Management

If you’re operating a youth-serving organization, here’s what actually matters:

• Focus on observable practice
• Can you see supervision happening?
• Are interactions transparent and interruptible?
• Are boundary expectations clear at the role level?
• Test your system

Key Questions to Identify Hidden Risk:

• Where does supervision break down in real life?
• Where do staff default to convenience over structure?
• Where is isolation possible without oversight?

These are your true exposure points.

Treat grooming as a detection problem

Train staff to recognize patterns, not just violations:

• Repeated one-on-one access
• Overinvestment in a specific individual
• Gradual escalation of contact or familiarity
• Encouragement of secrecy

These are your early intervention opportunities.

Close the policy-practice gap

Don’t just ask “Do we have a policy?”

Ask:

• Is it being followed consistently?
• How do we verify that?
• Where is it breaking down?

Final Takeaway: Prevention Requires Active Monitoring

The expectation has changed.

Prevention is no longer defined by intent or documentation.

It is defined by whether your organization can prove that safe boundaries are actively managed, consistently applied, and continuously improved (Praesidium, 2026).

If you cannot demonstrate that in practice, you don’t have a prevention program. You have a policy.

Sources and Research

1. Praesidium Report (Industry + operational data)

APA citation Praesidium. (2026). 2026 Praesidium Report. Praesidium Inc.

2. Winters, Jeglic et al. (2026 Study)

APA citation Winters, G. M., Jeglic, E. L., Johnson, B. N., & Petras-Gourlay, A. (2026). Female-on-female child sexual abuse: Abuse characteristics and sexual grooming behaviors. Child Abuse & Neglect, 177, 108085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2026.108085

Supporting Sources Already Embedded in Praesidium

3. Finkelhor et al. (Digital abuse prevalence)

APA citation Finkelhor, D., Turner, H., & Colburn, D. (2024). The prevalence of child sexual abuse with online sexual abuse added. Child Abuse & Neglect, 149, 106634.

4. Assini-Meytin et al. (YSO prevalence + distribution)

APA citation Assini-Meytin, L. C., McPhail, I., Sun, Y., Mathews, B., Kaufman, K. L., & Letourneau, E. J. (2024). Child sexual abuse and boundary-violating behaviors in youth-serving organizations. Child Maltreatment.

5. Winters et al. (2024 – grooming prevalence baseline)

APA citation Winters, G. M., Jeglic, E. L., Johnson, B. N., & Chou, C. (2024). The prevalence of sexual grooming behaviors among survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 154, 106842.

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