Portable Generator Safety: How to Prevent Electrical, Carbon Monoxide and Fire Hazards

Portable generators can provide temporary power during outages, severe weather and other emergencies. They can also create serious electrical, carbon monoxide, fire and noise hazards when they are connected, placed, fueled or operated incorrectly. A practical portable generator safety plan starts with the manufacturer’s instructions, proper outdoor placement and controls that protect people, property and utility workers.

Key Portable Generator Safety Takeaways

• Operate a portable generator outdoors and at least 20 feet from the building, with exhaust directed away from doors, windows and vents.
• Never connect a generator directly to a building unless a qualified electrician has installed an approved transfer switch.
• Keep the generator dry, use properly rated cords and follow the manufacturer’s grounding instructions.
• Shut down the generator and allow it to cool before refueling. Store fuel in approved containers away from living areas and ignition sources.
• Follow the manufacturer’s noise guidance and use appropriate hearing protection when exposure warrants it.

Prevent Electrical Shock and Electrocution

Portable generator electrical safety begins with a safe connection. Generator power can be as hazardous as utility-supplied electricity, and an improper connection can send electricity back into utility lines or energize wiring that workers expect to be de-energized.

• Never connect a portable generator directly to a building’s electrical system unless a qualified electrician has installed an approved transfer switch.
• Plug equipment directly into the generator when appropriate, or use outdoor-rated, properly grounded extension cords with sufficient capacity for the connected load.
• Inspect cords before each use. Remove damaged, frayed or undersized cords from service and do not overload the generator.
• Use ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs) as required by the manufacturer and applicable workplace requirements, especially where damp conditions may be present.
• Follow the manufacturer’s grounding instructions. Grounding requirements vary by generator design and how the equipment is connected.
• Keep the generator dry and do not handle plugs, cords or electrical components while wet or standing in water. Use only manufacturer-approved weather protection that does not restrict ventilation.
• Do not use electrical equipment that has been submerged. Have affected equipment evaluated before returning it to service.

Prevent Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless gas that can build up quickly and cause serious illness or death. Never operate a portable generator inside a home, garage, basement, crawl space, shed or other enclosed or partially enclosed area, even if doors or windows are open.

• Place the generator outdoors at least 20 feet from the building. Direct the exhaust away from doors, windows, vents and other openings.
• Keep the generator away from neighboring buildings and areas where people may gather or work.
• Install battery-operated CO alarms or plug-in CO alarms with battery backup on each level of the building and outside sleeping areas, following the alarm manufacturer’s instructions.
• If a CO alarm sounds or anyone experiences headache, dizziness, nausea, weakness or confusion, move to fresh air immediately and call 911. Do not re-enter the area until emergency responders say it is safe.

Reduce Portable Generator Fire Hazards

Portable generators become hot during operation and can remain hot after shutdown. Fuel spilled on hot engine components or exposed to another ignition source can start a fire.

• Turn off the generator and allow it to cool before refueling.
• Store and transport fuel in approved containers that are properly labeled and designed for the fuel being used.
• Keep fuel outdoors and away from living areas, generators, water heaters, smoking materials, open flames and other heat or ignition sources.
• Do not smoke while handling or storing generator fuel.
• Inspect the generator and fuel system for damage or leaks before use. Remove damaged equipment from service until it has been properly evaluated and repaired.

Protect Hearing and Maintain Safe Work Areas

Generator engines can produce hazardous noise, particularly during extended operation or when several units are used near a work area. Place the generator as far from occupied work and gathering areas as safe operation allows, without compromising the required outdoor clearance. Follow the manufacturer’s noise information and use appropriate hearing protection when exposure warrants it.

A Practical Approach to Safe Portable Generator Operation

Before each use, review the manufacturer’s instructions, inspect the generator and cords, confirm safe outdoor placement and make sure fuel and electrical connections are controlled. Do not improvise connections, operate the unit indoors or continue using equipment that appears damaged. These basic portable generator safety practices can help reduce the likelihood of carbon monoxide exposure, electrical shock, fire and hearing loss.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Sources

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration, “Using Portable Generators Safely”